+MN 144 Chann’-ovāda:
Advice to Channa
all
Advice to Channa
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12)
+Opening
| Majjhima Nikāya 144 | Middle Discourses 144 | 中部144经 |
| Channovādasutta | Advice to Channa | 给阐那的忠告 |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— | So I have heard. | 我曾这样听闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. | At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. | 有一次，佛陀住在王舍城附近的竹林精舍，在松鼠饲养场。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. | Now at that time Venerables Sāriputta, Mahācunda, and Channa were staying on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. | 那时，舍利弗尊者、大纯陀尊者和阐那尊者住在耆阇崛山。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. | Now at that time Venerable Channa was sick, suffering, gravely ill. | 那时，阐那尊者生病了，受苦，病重。 |
| Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca: | Then in the late afternoon, Venerable Sāriputta came out of retreat, went to Venerable Mahācunda and said to him: | 然后，傍晚时分，舍利弗尊者从禅定中出来，走到大纯陀尊者那里，对他说： |
| “āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā”ti. | “Come, Reverend Cunda, let’s go to see Venerable Channa and ask about his illness.” | “来，纯陀尊者，我们去看看阐那尊者，问问他的病情。” |
| “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi. | “Yes, reverend,” replied Mahācunda. | “是的，尊者，”大纯陀回答说。 |
+144.1 – (Channa tells Sariputta he’s gravely ill and plans to commit suicide)
| Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā channena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. | And then Sāriputta and Mahācunda went to see Channa and exchanged greetings with him. | 然后舍利弗和大纯陀去探望阐那并互致问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca: | When the greetings and polite conversation were over, they sat down to one side. Then Sāriputta said to Channa: | 问候和客套话结束后，他们坐在一旁。然后舍利弗对阐那说： |
| “kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo”ti? | “I hope you’re keeping well, Reverend Channa; I hope you’re alright. I hope that your pain is fading, not growing, that its fading is evident, not its growing.” | “希望你身体安康，阐那尊者；希望你一切都好。希望你的痛苦正在消退，而不是增长，希望它的消退是明显的，而不是增长。” |
| “Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. | “Reverend Sāriputta, I’m not keeping well, I’m not alright. The pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading. | “舍利弗尊者，我身体不适，我不好。痛苦非常剧烈且在增长，而不是消退；它的增长是明显的，而不是消退。 |
| Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. |
The winds piercing my head are so severe, it feels like a strong man drilling into my head with a sharp point. | 刺穿我头部的风如此剧烈，感觉就像一个强壮的人用尖锐的工具钻我的头。 |
| Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. |
The pain in my head is so severe, it feels like a strong man tightening a tough leather strap around my head. | 我头部的疼痛如此剧烈，感觉就像一个强壮的人用一条坚韧的皮带紧紧勒住我的头。 |
| Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. |
The winds piercing my belly are so severe, it feels like an expert butcher or their apprentice is slicing my belly open with a meat cleaver. | 刺穿我腹部的风如此剧烈，感觉就像一个熟练的屠夫或他的学徒用切肉刀切开我的腹部。 |
| Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. | The burning in my body is so severe, it feels like two strong men grabbing a weaker man by the arms to burn and scorch him on a pit of glowing coals. | 我身体的灼烧感如此剧烈，感觉就像两个强壮的人抓住一个较弱的人的手臂，把他放在火热的煤坑上焚烧和灼伤。 |
| Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. | I’m not keeping well, I’m not alright. The pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading. | 我身体不适，我不好。痛苦非常剧烈且在增长，而不是消退；它的增长是明显的，而不是消退。 |
| Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvitan”ti. | Reverend Sāriputta, I will slit my wrists. I don’t wish to live.” | 舍利弗尊者，我要割腕自尽。我不想活了。” |
+144.2 – (Sariputta asks him not to commit suicide)
| “Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. | “Please don’t slit your wrists! | “请不要割腕！ |
| Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. | Venerable Channa, keep going! We want you to keep going. | 阐那尊者，坚持住！我们希望你坚持住。 |
| Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. | If you don’t have any suitable food, we’ll find it for you. | 如果你没有合适的食物，我们会为你找到。 |
| Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. | If you don’t have suitable medicine, we’ll find it for you. | 如果你没有合适的药物，我们会为你找到。 |
| Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. | If you don’t have a capable carer, we’ll find one for you. | 如果你没有能干的护理人员，我们会为你找到。 |
| Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. | Please don’t slit your wrists! | 请不要割腕！ |
| Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā”ti. | Venerable Channa, keep going! We want you to keep going.” | 阐那尊者，坚持住！我们希望你坚持住。” |
+144.3 – (Channa says his suicide is blameless because he’s enlightened)
| “Napi me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; | “Reverend Sāriputta, it’s not that I don’t have suitable food, | “舍利弗尊者，我并非没有合适的食物， |
| napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; | or suitable medicine, | 也没有合适的药物， |
| napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; | or a capable carer. | 也没有能干的护理人员。 |
| api cāvuso sāriputta, pariciṇṇo me satthā dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva no amanāpena. | Moreover, for a long time now I have served the Teacher with love, not without love. | 而且，我长期以来一直怀着爱心侍奉导师，并非没有爱心。 |
| Etañhi, āvuso sāriputta, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva no amanāpena. | For it is proper for a disciple to serve the Teacher with love, not without love. | 因为弟子以爱心侍奉导师是理所当然的，而非没有爱心。 |
| ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti evametaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī”ti. | You should remember this: ‘The monk Channa slit his wrists blamelessly.’” | 你们应该记住这一点：‘比丘阐那无过割腕自尽。’” |
| “Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā”ti. | “I’d like to ask you about a certain point, if you’d take the time to answer.” | “我想问你一个问题，如果你能花时间回答。” |
| “Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmī”ti. | “Ask, Reverend Sāriputta. When I’ve heard it I’ll know.” | “问吧，舍利弗尊者。我听了就知道。” |
+144.4 – (Sariputta wants to test his enlightenment first)
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+§4.2 – (do you regard the eye, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness as mine and self?)
| “Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi? | “Reverend Channa, do you regard the eye, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness in this way: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’? | “阐那尊者，你是否这样看待眼、眼识和眼识所知之法：‘这是我的，我就是这个，这是我的自我’？” |
| Sotaṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇaṃ … pe … | Do you regard the ear … | 你是否这样看待耳…… |
| ghānaṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇaṃ … | nose … | 鼻…… |
| jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ … | tongue … | 舌…… |
| kāyaṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇaṃ … | body … | 身…… |
| manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī”ti? | mind, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness in this way: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?” | 意、意识和意识所知之法：‘这是我的，我就是这个，这是我的自我’？” |
+§4.3 – (Channa answers no)
| “Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. | “Reverend Sāriputta, I regard the eye, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ | “舍利弗尊者，我这样看待眼、眼识和眼识所知之法：‘这不是我的，我不是这个，这不是我的自我。’ |
| Sotaṃ, āvuso sāriputta … pe … | I regard the ear … | 我这样看待耳…… |
| ghānaṃ, āvuso sāriputta … | nose … | 鼻…… |
| jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta … | tongue … | 舌…… |
| kāyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta … | body … | 身…… |
| manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī”ti. | mind, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’.” | 意、意识和意识所知之法：‘这不是我的，我不是这个，这不是我的自我。’” |
+§4.4 – (what have you seen and known in these things that you regard them as not self?)
| “Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotasmiṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇe … ghānasmiṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇe … jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe … kāyasmiṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇe … manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī”ti? |
“Reverend Channa, what have you seen, what have you directly known in these things that you regard them in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’?” | “阐那尊者，你在这方面看到了什么，亲身知道了什么，以至于你这样看待它们：‘这不是我的，我不是这个，这不是我的自我’？” |
+§4.5 – (Channa answers he knows and sees after cessation of those things)
| “Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, sotaviññāṇe … ghānasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, ghānaviññāṇe … jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe … kāyasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, kāyaviññāṇe … manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī”ti. |
“Reverend Sāriputta, after seeing cessation, after directly knowing cessation in these things I regard them in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’.” | “舍利弗尊者，在这些事物中看到了寂灭，亲身知道了寂灭之后，我才这样看待它们：‘这不是我的，我不是这个，这不是我的自我。’” |
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+144.5 – (Sariputta advises Channa to follow these steps from the Buddha)
| Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca: | When he said this, Venerable Mahācunda said to Venerable Channa: | 当他说完这话时，大纯陀尊者对阐那尊者说： |
| “tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ, niccakappaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ: | “So, Reverend Channa, you should pay close attention to this instruction of the Buddha whenever you can: | “所以，阐那尊者，你应当时时仔细留意佛陀的这条教诲： |
| ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. | ‘For the dependent there is agitation. For the independent there’s no agitation. | ‘有依则有动荡。无依则无动荡。 |
| Calite asati passaddhi, | When there’s no agitation there is pacification. | 无动荡则有寂静。 |
| passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. | When there is pacification there’s no inclination. | 有寂静则无倾向。 |
| Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. | When there’s no inclination there’s no coming and going. | 无倾向则无来去。 |
| Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. | When there’s no coming and coming there’s no passing away and reappearing. | 无来去则无生灭。 |
| Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. | When there’s no passing away and reappearing there’s no this world or world beyond or in-between the two. | 无生灭则无此世彼世及二者之间。 |
| Esevanto dukkhassā’”ti. | Just this is the end of suffering.’” | 唯此是苦之止息。’” |
| Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu. | And when Venerables Sāriputta and Mahācunda had given Venerable Channa this advice they got up from their seat and left. | 当舍利弗尊者和大纯陀尊者给阐那尊者这些忠告后，他们从座位上起身离开了。 |
+144.6 – (Channa commits suicide, sariputta doesn’t believe Channa was an arahant, asks Buddha)
| Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca mahācunde satthaṃ āharesi. | Not long after those venerables had left, Venerable Channa slit his wrists. | 那些尊者离开后不久，阐那尊者割腕自尽了。 |
| Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: | Then Sāriputta went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him: | 然后舍利弗走到佛陀面前，顶礼，坐在一旁，对他说： |
| “āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. | “Sir, Venerable Channa has slit his wrists. | “世尊，阐那尊者割腕自尽了。 |
| Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti? | Where has he been reborn in his next life?” | 他来世投生到哪里了？” |
+144.7 – (conclusion: Buddha says Channa was a blameless arahant)
| “Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā”ti? | “Sāriputta, didn’t the monk Channa declare his blamelessness to you personally?” | “舍利弗，阐那比丘不是亲自向你声明他无过吗？” |
| “Atthi, bhante, pubbajiraṃ nāma vajjigāmo. | “Sir, there is a Vajjian village named Pubbavijjhana, | “世尊，有一个跋耆人的村庄叫普巴维阇那， |
| Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī”ti. | where Channa had families with whom he was friendly, intimate, and familiar.” | 阐那在那里有一些亲近、熟悉、友好的家庭。” |
| “Honti hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. | “The monk Channa did indeed have such families. | “阐那比丘确实有这样的家庭。 |
| Nāhaṃ, sāriputta, ettāvatā ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. | But this is not enough for me to call someone ‘blameworthy’. | 但这不足以让我称某人为‘有过失的’。 |
| Yo kho, sāriputta, imañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati tamahaṃ ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. | When someone lays down this body and takes up another body, I call them ‘blameworthy’. | 当一个人舍弃此身而执取另一身时，我才称他们为‘有过失的’。 |
| Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. | But the monk Channa did no such thing. | 但阐那比丘没有这样做。 |
| ‘Anupavajjo channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharesī’ti evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī”ti. | You should remember this: ‘The monk Channa slit his wrists blamelessly.’” | 你们应该记住这一点：‘比丘阐那无过割腕自尽。’” |
| Idamavoca bhagavā. | That is what the Buddha said. | 佛陀如是说。 |
| Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti. | Satisfied, Venerable Sāriputta was happy with what the Buddha said. | 舍利弗尊者心满意足，对佛陀所说感到高兴。 |
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